The sign must include the animal biosafety level absl2, general occupational health. Deep sequencing of rnas produced by zaire ebolavirus ebov or the angola strain of marburgvirus marvang identified novel viral and cellular mechanisms that diversify the coding and noncoding sequences of viral mrnas and genomic rnas. We identified previously undescribed sites within the ebov and marvang mrnas where apparent cotranscriptional editing has resulted in the. Characterization of a 2016 clinical isolate of zika virus in. Reactivation of latent tuberculosis in cynomolgus macaques. Biosafety or biological safety encompasses all aspects of containment to prevent any exposure to and accidental release of infectious biological material. The rhesus macaque model has allowed the discovery of mtb genes essential for virulence in primates, as well as study host geneexpression. The experimental use of cchf virus cchfv, which causes cchf, requires highbiosafetylevel bsl containment. Protective efficacy of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The most recent outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in west africa in 202016 caused over 28,000 reported cases and greater than 11,000 deaths 1. Information about working with biosafety level 2 agents, from the smallpox.
In this study, we used two clones of humanmouse chimeric mabs ch3 and ch226 with strong neutralizing activity against zebov and evaluated their protective potential in a rhesus macaque model of ehf. Projects include study of t cells and antibodies, bcell development, and antibody ontogeny in a biosafety level bsl 2 setting. Cerebellar projections to the prefrontal cortex of the. Pdf macaque monoclonal antibodies targeting novel conserved. Monkey b virus cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 ncbi nih. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Transcriptomic analysis is a useful technique to study the host response to evd. Oct 16, 2018 see uc san diegos laboratory containment requirements and practices for biosafety levels 1 through 3 in the chart below. Pdf analysis of the humoral immune responses among. Macaque tissues, body fluids and cells in basic research. In our study, we verified viral loads in various tissues from macaques sacrificed via anesthesia on day 10 after infection via qpcr and virus titration and found high viral loads in the respiratory organs figure 4 a. This study examined the separate and combined effects of in vivo lentiviral infection and in vitro alcohol exposure on alveolar macrophage am production of tumor necrosis.
Comparison of transcriptomic platforms for analysis of whole. Recent outbreaks of ebola in west africa have focused attention on the development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics against filovirus disease and other hemorrhagic fever viruses. Simian hemorrhagic fever virus shfv has caused sporadic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fevers in macaques at primate research facilities. A sign incorporating the universal biohazard symbol must be posted at the entrance to the laboratory when infectious agents are present. Large scale comparison of innate responses to viral and. The inferior parietal lobule is the target of output from. Simian hemorrhagic fever virus infection of rhesus. Our study examines the ability of alveolar macrophages am obtained from mice and macaques to respond to the same pathogens. Identify facility design, work practices, and ppe required for work at the bsl2 absl2 level. Provide the names of all personnel authorized to enter area.
A 3d human lung tissue model for functional studies on. All nhps developed clinical signs of severe disease. Analysis of the entry mechanism of crimeancongo hemorrhagic. B virus infection is usually asymptomatic or mild in macaques.
Macaque monoclonal antibodies targeting novel conserved epitopes within filovirus glycoprotein article pdf available in journal of virology 901 october 2015 with 2 reads how we measure. In this study we performed intensive sampling of multiple sites along the respiratory tract of healthy individuals for comprehensive quantitative and qualitative molecular analysis using 16s qpcr and pyrosequencing. Notably, mice treated with the mab cocktails showed no sign of disease or weight loss but gained weight after infection fig. Others have observed unexplained outliers in replicated wells. Bloodborne pathogen and biosafety training for research personnel login.
Each validation was conducted according to a glp study protocol, with any glp exceptions, sop or protocol deviations identified and listed in the protocol andor reports. Both of these combinations provided 100% protection against lethal challenge although the antibodies were administered at a lower dose compared to the study with individual antibodies fig. The studies were inspected and audited by quality assurance personnel at bsl 2 and bsl4 critical performance phases. Protective efficacy of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in. A new method to evaluate macaque health using exhaled. Jul 18, 2011 the non human primate, such as the macaque, has emerged as a model that may more closely resemble human disease in studies of both influenza and mtb. Changes in circulating b cell subsets associated with. Biosafety level 2 bsl 2 spill procedure spills involving bsl 2 agents. Macaque tissues, body fluids and cells in basic research applications.
In addition, animals were also provided with treats such as fresh fruits and vegetables. Viruses free fulltext validation of the filovirus plaque. Depending on the macaque species and the virus type used, these animals can be excellent models for human. We also provide glpcompliant, bsl 2 highcontainment toxicology. Of the 15 000 publications in pubmed that utilized macaque models of human disease, 60% were published in the last 10 years. In this study, we examined the extent and anatomical organization of cerebellar input to multiple regions of prefrontal cortex. Crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever cchf is a tickborne disease causing severe hemorrhagic symptoms with a nearly 30 % casefatality rate in humans. Simian hemorrhagic fever virus infection of rhesus macaques as a. A biohazard sign must be posted on the entrance of any room in which there are biohazardous agents. An identical study in mice also suggested the presence of viral genomes in various tissues postinfection.
Apr 21, 2016 each validation was conducted according to a glp study protocol, with any glp exceptions, sop or protocol deviations identified and listed in the protocol andor reports. Jan 15, 2001 the cerebellum is known to project via the thalamus to multiple motor areas of the cerebral cortex. Macaque monoclonal antibodies targeting novel conserved epitopes within filovirus glycoprotein. This type of work can be done in clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities. Experimental studies of previous familiarity have been conducted on individuals or pairs erwin et al. The cynomolgus macaque model has allowed a better understanding of the role played by tnf and regulatory t cells during tb. Human tuberculosis infection is a complex process, which is difficult to model in vitro. Biosafety risk groups and working at bsl1, bsl2, or bsl3, uva. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories. Therefore, nhps appear to be an excellent system for modeling tbaids coinfections.
Reactivation of latent tuberculosis in rhesus macaques by. This study differs by assessing behavior within groups. Research should be conducted using biosafety level 2 practices. Handling macaque monkeys or their blood, tissue, or body fluids. View colleen xus profile on linkedin, the worlds largest professional community. In the aging study, distinct patterns of b cell subset frequencies were observed for macaques aged one to five years compared to those between ages 5 and 30 years. Virus spread to the central nervous system is an ominous sign, since, even with. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We wear n95 respirators when working with the latter. Validation of the filovirus plaque assay for use in. Innovative methodology a new method to evaluate macaque health using exhaled breath. The cynomolgus macaque was then extensively used, primarily by flynn and colleagues, to study aspects of mtb infection capuano et al. Pulmonary infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with alcohol abuse and human immunodeficiency virus hiv infection, two immunocompromising conditions that frequently coexist.
Aug 15, 2001 there are two major results of this study. This self study is to be completed in conjunction with supervisorprovided inperson training specific to the agents that you will be handling. Herpes b virus naturally infects macaque monkeys resulting in a disease similar to herpes simplex b virus in humans. The us national institutes of health has infected 2,400 rhesus macaques with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in a bid to find a vaccine for the strain which has killed close to 1,000. Here we describe a novel 3d human lung tissue model that recapitulates the dynamics that occur during infection, including the migration of immune cells and early granuloma formation in a physiological environment. The non human primate, such as the macaque, has emerged as a model that may more closely resemble human disease in studies of both influenza and mtb. Research and teaching activities involving infectious agents requires prior. There are a number of significant gaps in our understanding of flaviviruses and the diseases they cause. Hill1 1school of engineering, dartmouth college, hanover, new hampshire. Bsl 2 is suitable for work involving agents that pose moderate hazards to personnel and the environment.
Shfv is a bsl2 pathogen that has not been linked to human. Humans, monkeys of the genus macaca, including the stumptail macaque. To protect laboratory personnel and ensure data integrity, pathologists must be familiar with the activities performed in their laboratories and the applicable regulatory and safety requirements. Upon subcutaneous inoculation, rhesus macaques developed fever and viremia, with robust excretion of zikv rna in urine, saliva, and lacrimal fluid. See the complete profile on linkedin and discover colleens. Our aim here was to investigate the infectious process of hsv1 in rhesus macaques and the pathological. Characterization of a 2016 clinical isolate of zika virus. Bsl 2absl2 containment practices are appropriate for handling these mice to minimize infectious disease. All of the following information should be included on the sign. Doors to the laboratory are closed when bsl 2 work is being conducted to prevent public access. Apr 24, 2018 the most recent outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in west africa in 202016 caused over 28,000 reported cases and greater than 11,000 deaths 1, highlighting the need for accurate and rapid. First, we found that the ipl is the target of disynaptic outputs from the superior colliculus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. In the siv infection study, b cell frequencies and absolute number were dramatically reduced following acute infection, but recovered within four weeks of infection. The primary purpose of this study was to further investigate shfv as a bsl2 model of viral.
Pis planning to conduct research using recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules andor hazardous biological materials that pose a potential risk to the health of humans, animals, or plants, either directly through infection or indirectly through damage to the environment, must submit an ibc institutional biosafety committee the ibc is an. The cerebellum is known to project via the thalamus to multiple motor areas of the cerebral cortex. Deep sequencing identifies noncanonical editing of ebola and. Post a warning sign on the entrance door biohazard spill do not enter b. Second, each of these subcortical nuclei projects to a different subregion of the ipl. Thousands of lab monkeys infected with coronavirus in bid. The characteristics of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Research macaques carry numerous viruses that can affect occupational. Shfv is a bsl 2 pathogen that has not been linked to human disease.
Chimpanzee adenoviral vector primeboost regimen elicits. Research and teaching activities involving infectious agents requires prior approval by the ucsd institutional biosafety committee ibc via. The containment elements described in bsl 2 are consistent with the osha standard, occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Comparison of transcriptomic platforms for analysis of.
In vitro ethanol suppresses alveolar macrophage tnf. Disinfectant does not include efficacy against fungi, viruses, tb, or bacterial spores unless specifically tested against those organisms with epa approved methods. The problem was first observed on an older instrument, and replicated on a new instrument. Virusencoded mirnas in ebola virus disease scientific reports. Deep sequencing identifies noncanonical editing of ebola. Here, the precautions undertaken in bsl 1 and bsl 2 labs are followed, as well as additional measures including.
A new study has found that rhesus macaques, a kind of monkey, with low sociability have low levels of peptide vasopressin, a hormone, in their spinal fluid, as do children with autism. The inferior parietal lobule is the target of output from the. A protocol deviation occurs when there is an inconsistency in a research study between the. In this study, based on our previous data on validity of macaques as a model for ev71 and ca16 infection, our design was extended through a study of the immunity elicited by the vaccine via the intradermal route, with a particular focus on the immunemediated protection obtained in rhesus macaques against challenge with both viruses. We first used conventional retrograde tracers to map the origin of thalamic projections to five prefrontal regions.
Today, there is neither a licensed vaccine nor a treatment available for ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf. Reduced viral loads and partial protection were observed in animals given mabs ch3 and ch226 combined intravenously at 24 hours before and. Ebola virus ebov is the causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever in primates, with human case fatality rates up to 90%. Comparatively, more is known about denv due to its broad distribution, significant health impact and the lower biocontainment level bsl 2 required for safely performing research with this virus. Simian hemorrhagic fever virus infection of rhesus macaques. These labs are fully equipped for in vitro viral culture and assays. The analyses are part of a study conducted on differences among a nonreproductive and a reproductive group of rhesus macaques, macaca mulatta.
Animal biosafety level 2 manual ursa georgia state university. Analysis of the humoral immune responses among cynomolgus macaque naturally infected with reston virus during the 1996 outbreak in the philippines. Crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever cchf is a potentially fatal tickborne infectious disease that has been reported in over 30 countries in parts of africa, eastern europe, and asia 15. Animal research pathology encompasses a wide array of procedures and may involve work with a variety of animal species and hazards. Study of integrated protective immunity induced in rhesus. Virusencoded mirnas in ebola virus disease scientific. Here we report a nonhuman primate model using a 2016 contemporary clinical isolate of zikv. Provide name of principle investigator and room supervisor. As one of the major pathogens for human herpetic diseases, herpes simplex virus type 1 hsv1 causes herpes labialis, genital herpes and herpetic encephalitis. The ibc uses the biosafety levels recommended by the cdc and nih as. Compound in macaques linked to low sociability may be sign. Biosafety levels bls, risk, and containment college of.
Sivinfected animals were housed under bsl 2 conditions while. Biosafety level 3 is appropriate for work involving microbes which can cause serious and potentially lethal disease via the inhalation route. Factors underlying high rates of reactivation are poorly understood and investigative tools are limited. Human infection can occur through the bite of an infected tick or through contact with the tissue or blood of viremic animals or cchf patients. Nearly 30,000 infections were observed in the latest ebov epidemic in west africa. Single monoclonal antibodies mabs specific for zaire ebolavirus zebov have been successfully used in passive immunization experiments in rodent models, but have. Parts of this paper have been published previously in abstract form west et al. The filoviruses, ebola virus ebov, and marburg virus marv, are among the most pathogenic viruses known to man and the causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in africa with case fatality rates of up to 90%. The death of a primate center laboratory worker from cercopithecine herpes virus 1 chv1, also known as monkey b virus infection following an ocular splash exposure to biologic material from a rhesus macaque emphasizes the seriousness of this hazard. See the complete profile on linkedin and discover gunjan. This study was supported by the nih ro1 hl07584504 jlf, t32 ai06052505 jlf, supporting crd, f32ai07718301a1 jtm and the heiser program for research in leprosy and tuberculosis jtm.
Reactivation of latent tuberculosis in cynomolgus macaques infected with siv is associated with early peripheral t cell depletion and not virus load. Ehs biosafety follows the nih guidelines categorization of risk groups as. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. Our facility also uses sealed goggles for any macaque contact, including feeding, visual inspection, etc. In this study, we developed a novel chimpanzee adenovirusbased primeboost vaccine by exploiting two recombinant replicationdeficient chimpanzee adenoviral vectors, adc7 and adc68, which express glycoproteins gp of the ebov strain identified in the 2014 outbreak. We identified previously undescribed sites within the ebov and marvang mrnas where apparent cotranscriptional editing has resulted in the addition of non. See uc san diegos laboratory containment requirements and practices for biosafety levels 1 through 3 in the chart below. Study director is single point of study control but study pathologist plays key role in study design. Animal models are critical to understand disease and to develop countermeasures for the ongoing epidemics of zika virus zikv. Apr 26, 2017 the filoviruses, ebola virus ebov, and marburg virus marv, are among the most pathogenic viruses known to man and the causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in africa with case fatality rates of up to 90%. The studies were inspected and audited by quality assurance personnel at bsl. Walsh led the study of mtb infection in the modern era in cynomolgus macaques and showed that it was possible to generate humanlike ltbi in that species walsh et al. The barbary macaque is a unique and fascinating monkey.
Data is presented from two instruments using a multiple blank. The laboratory supervisor must ensure that laboratory personnel receive appropriate training regarding their duties, the necessary precautions to prevent exposures, and exposure evaluation procedures. The characteristics of herpes simplex virus type 1. In this lesson you will learn about some of its typical behaviors, as well as some interesting facts that set it apart. Jobs in virology by asv postdoctoral position at the. Hivinfected individuals with latent mycobacterium tuberculosis mtb infection are at significantly greater risk of reactivation tuberculosis tb than hivnegative individuals with latent tb, even while cd4 t cell numbers are well preserved.
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